BT69 - BitPlay69


You are given 2 integers N and M.

Print the smallest K, such that N ⊕ K > M. Here, is the Bitwise XOR Operator.

Input

The first line contains a single integer T (1 ≤ T ≤ 100) - The number of test cases.

The first and only line of each test case contains 2 integers N and M (1 ≤ N, M ≤ 1017)

Output

A single integer - K.

Example

Input:
4
3 5
3 2
69 696
696 96

Output:
4
0
640
0

hide comments
hoangptch: 2024-07-08 14:08:37

good. thanks

Last edit: 2024-07-08 14:10:02

Added by:Dr. AddictStein
Date:2023-04-14
Time limit:1s
Source limit:50000B
Memory limit:1536MB
Cluster: Cube (Intel G860)
Languages:All
Resource:Dr. AddictStein Research Lab